Notes DOCX NA 2017 Scientific Report Discussion assessment for Practical Effect of TEMPERATURE on enzyme activity catalase PDF NA. Original Article. Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DASH Diet. Frank M. Sacks, M. D., Laura P. The text of Brave New World Revisited 1958 by Aldous Huxley. Massive counterclaims, in excess of 10 million, have just been filed against climate scientist Michael Mann after lawyers affirmed that the former golden boy. Energy and the Human Journey Where We Have Been Where We Can Go. By Wade Frazier. Version 1. May 2015. Version 1. How To Install Cc Sims 3 Without Launcher there. September 2014. AidsSexAfrica theory is todays scientific racism. Wikipedia. Scientific racism denotes the use of scientific, or ostensibly scientific, findings and. Anomaly Archives Seeking New Location. Since 2009, the archive and lending library of the 501c3 Scientific Anomaly Institute has shared a space in North West Austin. Biography Early life. Thomas Henry Huxley was born in Ealing, which was then a village in Middlesex. He was the second youngest of eight children of George Huxley and. The Method Of Scientific Investigation Huxley Pdf' title='The Method Of Scientific Investigation Huxley Pdf' />Scientific Racism Reduce. The. Burden. org. Aids Sex Africa theory is todays scientific racism. Wikipedia. Scientific racism denotes the use of scientific, or ostensibly scientific, findings and methods to support or validate racist attitudes and worldviews. It is based on belief in the existence and significance of racial categories, but extends this into a hierarchy between the races to support political or ideological positions of racial supremacy. Scientific racism can refer to both obsolete and contemporary scientific theories, and includes the use of anthropology notably physical anthropology, anthropometry, craniometry, and other disciplines in the construction of typologies and the classification of humans into distinct biological races. Scientific racism was most widespread during the New Imperialism period in the second half of the 1. These theories often worked in conjunction with racism. For example In the case of human zoos in which human beings of various races were presented in cages during colonial exhibitions. Such theories, and associated actions, have been strongly denounced Post World War II, in particular by a 1. UNESCO statement, signed by an international group of researchers, known as The Race Question. Today, the phrase is used either as an accusation, or to describe what critics consider to be historical racist propaganda alleging the existence of different races. These critics point to The Race Question, which advocates the use of the more precise term ethnic group. The phrase scientific racism has been applied retroactively to publications on race as far back as the 1. Overview. Such theories, which often postulated a master race, usually Nordic and Aryan, were along with eugenics, pioneered by Sir Francis Galton among others and popularized at the turn of the 2. Nazi racial policies and their program of eugenics. Galton developed the science of Eugenics whose primary concept was control and promotion of quantification and analytical measurements of desirable traits so as to set a guide on how to obtain the truly proper breeding. However, this was not necessarily a continuous relationship, as several influential authors of Nazism were not themselves anti semitic. Quite to the contrary, Arthur de Gobineau 1. Jewish race above all. Thus, although his racial theories largely influenced Nazi ideologies, they had to adapt him to suit their mindset. Apart from Gobineaus 1. The Inequality of Human Races,2 other scientific racist works that largely influenced Nazism include Francis Galtons 1. Hereditary Genius An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences,3 Madison Grants 1. The Passing of the Great Race4 and Lothrop T. Stoddards 1. 92. The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy5 For the most part, however, scientific racism is a pejorative label sometimes given to modern theories or arguments that allege that scientific evidence shows significant evolutionary differences between races or ethnic groups. In this sense, the term is used to criticize modern studies of human genetics or studies claiming to show a link between race and intelligence, as well as hierarchically classifying races, hence asserting the superiority or inferiority of specific ones. Critics of such studies assert that both race and intelligence are fuzzy concepts. Earliest examples of scientific racism. See also Race historical definitionsAccording to Benjamin Isaacs The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity, 6 roots of scientific racism may be found in Greco Roman antiquity. Other authors such as the French author Raphal Lagier, Les races humaines selon Kant Human Races According to Kant, 2. B. Isaac discussed in his book the alleged role of Hippocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Galen and many other notable figures in the gradual formation of the modern scientific racist worldview. He presents for instance the fifth century BC treatise Airs, Waters, Places by Hippocrates as a prime instance of early protoscientific racism, and links Pseudo Aristotles suggestions to Hippocrates The idea that dark people are cowards and light people courageous fighters is found already in Airs, Waters, Places8 He also quotes Vitruvius 7. B. C. who, relying on the racial theories of Posidonius, wrote those races nearest to the southern half of the axis are of lower stature, with swarthy complexions, curly hair, black eyes and little blood on account of the sun. This poverty of blood makes them over timid to stand up against the swordOn the other hand, men born in cold countries are indeed ready to meet the shock of arms with great courage and without timidity. Regular publications on race and other claimed differences between people of different geographical locations began at least as early as the 1. The 1. 7th and 1. Early attempts at distinguishing various races had been made by Henri de Boulainvilliers 1. France between two races, the aristocratic, French race, descendants of the Germanic Franks, and the Gallo Roman, indigenous race, which comprised the population of the Third Estate. According to Boulainvilliers, the descendants of the Franks dominated the Third Estate by a right of conquest. In the exact opposite of modern nationalism, the foreigners had a legitimate right of domination on indigenous peoples. Rainforest Adventure Full Version there. But contrary to later, scientifically justified theories of race, Boulainvilliers did not understand the concept of race as designing an eternal and immutable essence. His account was not, however, only a mythical tale contrary to hagiographies and epics such as The Song of Roland, Boulainvilliers sought some kind of scientific legitimacy by basing his distinction between a Germanic race and a Latin race on historical events. However, his theory of races was completely distinct from the biological concept of race later used by nineteenth centurys theories of scientific racism. Carolus Linnaeus 1. Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, who laid the bases of binomial nomenclature the method of naming species and is known as the father of modern taxonomy the science of describing, categorizing and naming organisms was also a pioneer in defining the concept of race as applied to humans. Within Homo sapiens he proposed four taxa of a lower unnamed rank. These categories are, Americanus, Asiaticus, Africanus, and Europeanus. They were based on place of origin at first, and later skin color. Each race had certain characteristics that were endemic to individuals belonging to it. Native Americans were reddish, stubborn, and angered easily. Africans were black, relaxed and negligent. Asians were yellow, avaricious, and easily distracted. Europeans were white, gentle, and inventive. In addition, in Amoenitates academicae 1. Carolus Linnaeus defined Homo anthropomorpha as a catch all race for a variety of human like mythological creatures, including the troglodyte, satyr, hydra, and phoenix. He claimed that these creatures actually existed, but were in reality inaccurate descriptions of ape like creatures. He also defined in Systema Natur Homo ferus as four footed, mute, hairy. It included the sub races Juvenis lupinus hessensis wolf boys, who he thought were raised by animals, and Juvenis hannoveranus Peter of Hanover and Puella campanica Wild girl of Champagne. Julian Huxley Wikipedia. Sir Julian Huxley. Julian Huxley c. 1. Born. Julian Sorell Huxley1. June 1. 88. 7London, England. Died. 14 February 1. London, England. Residence. United Kingdom. Nationality. British. Alma mater. Balliol College, Oxford. Known for. Modern synthesis, Humanism, UNESCO, Conservation, Eugenics. Awards. Kalinga Prize1. Darwin Medal. Darwin Wallace MedalSilver, 1. Lasker Award. Scientific career. Fields. Evolutionary biology. Institutions. Rice Institute, Oxford University, Kings College London, Zoological Society, UNESCOInfluences. T. H. Huxley, W. G. Piggy Hill. Influenced. E. B. Ford, Gavin de Beer, Aldous Huxley. Military career. Allegiance. United Kingdom. Servicebranch. British Army. Years of service. Rank. Second Lieutenant. Unit. Royal Army Service Corps. Intelligence Corps. Battleswars. First World War. Sir Julian Sorell Huxley. FRS1 2. 2 June 1. February 1. 97. 5 was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist. He was a proponent of natural selection, and a leading figure in the mid twentieth century modern synthesis. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London 1. Director of UNESCO, a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund and the first President of the British Humanist Association. Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television. He directed an Oscar winning wildlife film. He was awarded UNESCOs Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science in 1. Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1. DarwinWallace Medal of the Linnaean Society in 1. He was also knighted in that same year, 1. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced the theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1. 95. 9 he received a Special Award of the Lasker Foundation in the category Planned Parenthood World Population. Huxley was a prominent member of the British Eugenics Society and its president from 1. There is a public house named after Sir Julian in Selsdon, Surrey, close to the Selsdon Wood Nature Reserve which he helped establish. Early lifeeditHuxley came from the distinguished Huxley family. His brother was the writer Aldous Huxley, and his half brother a fellow biologist and Nobel laureate, Andrew Huxley his father was writer and editor Leonard Huxley and his paternal grandfather was Thomas Henry Huxley, a friend and supporter of Charles Darwin and proponent of evolution. His maternal grandfather was the academic Tom Arnold, his great uncle was poet Matthew Arnold and his great grandfather was Thomas Arnold of Rugby School. Huxley was born on 2. June 1. 88. 7, at the London house of his aunt, the novelist Mary Augusta Ward, while his father was attending the jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria. Huxley grew up at the family home in Surrey, England, where he showed an early interest in nature, as he was given lessons by his grandfather, Thomas Henry Huxley. When he heard his grandfather talking at dinner about the lack of parental care in fish, Julian piped up with What about the stickleback, Granpater Also, according to Julian himself, his grandfather took him to visit J. D. Hooker at Kew. T. H. Huxley with Julian in 1. At the age of thirteen Huxley attended Eton College as a Kings Scholar, and continued to develop scientific interests his grandfather had influenced the school to build science laboratories much earlier. At Eton he developed an interest in ornithology, guided by science master W. D. Piggy Hill. Piggy was a genius as a teacher I have always been grateful to him. In 1. Huxley won a scholarship in Zoology to Balliol College, Oxford. In 1. 90. 6, after a summer in Germany, Huxley took his place in Oxford, where he developed a particular interest in embryology and protozoa. In the autumn term of his final year, 1. Margaret. That same year he won the Newdigate Prize for his poem Holyrood. In 1. 90. 9 he graduated with first class honours, and spent that July at the international gathering for the centenary of Darwins birth, held at the University of Cambridge. Also, it was the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the Origin of species. Early careereditHuxley was awarded a scholarship to spend a year at the Naples Marine Biological Station where he developed his interest in developmental biology by investigating sea squirts and sea urchins. In 1. 91. 0 he was appointed as Demonstrator in the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at Oxford University, and started on the systematic observation of the courtship habits of water birds such as the common redshank a wader and grebes which are divers. Bird watching in childhood had given Huxley his interest in ornithology, and he helped devise systems for the surveying and conservation of birds. His particular interest was bird behaviour, especially the courtship of water birds. His 1. 91. 4 paper on the great crested grebe, later published as a book, was a landmark in avian ethology his invention of vivid labels for the rituals such as penguin dance, plesiosaurus race etc. In 1. He was asked by Edgar Odell Lovett to take the lead in setting up the new Department of Biology at the newly created Rice Institute now Rice University in Houston, Texas, which he accepted, planning to start the following year. Huxley made an exploratory trip to the United States in September 1. Rice Institute. At T. Lazy Jack Installation on this page. H. Morgans fly lab Columbia University he invited H. J. Muller to join him at Rice. Muller agreed to be his deputy, hurried to complete his Ph. D and moved to Houston for the beginning of the 1. At Rice, Muller taught biology and continued Drosophila lab work. Before taking up the post of Assistant Professor at the Rice Institute, Huxley spent a year in Germany preparing for his demanding new job. Working in a laboratory just months before the outbreak of World War I, Huxley overheard fellow academics comment on a passing aircraft it will not be long before those planes are flying over England. In 1. 91. 3 Huxley had a nervous breakdown after the break up of his relationship with K,5 and rested in a nursing home. His depression returned the next year, and he and his brother Trevelyan two years his junior ended up in the same nursing home. Sadly, Trevelyan hanged himself. Depressive illness had afflicted others in the Huxley family. One pleasure of Huxleys life in Texas was the sight of his first hummingbird, though his visit to Edward Avery Mc. Ilhennys estate on Avery Island in Louisiana was more significant. The Mc. Ilhennys and their Avery cousins owned the entire island, and the Mc. Ilhenny branch used it to produce their famous Tabasco sauce. Birds were one of Mc. Ilhennys passions, however, and around 1. Island, called Bird City. There Huxley found egrets, herons and bitterns. These water birds, like the grebes, exhibit mutual courtship, with the pairs displaying to each other, and with the secondary sexual characteristics equally developed in both sexes. In September 1. Huxley returned to England from Texas to assist in the war effort. He was commissioned a temporary second lieutenant in the Royal Army Service Corps on 2. May 1. 91. 7,7 and was transferred to the General List, working in the British Army Intelligence Corps from 2. January 1. 91. 8, first in Sussex, and then in northern Italy. He was advanced in grade within the Intelligence Corps on 3 May 1. January 1. 91. 9 and was demobilised five days later, retaining his rank.